The present work consists of comparative studies of various thinkers both Muslims and the European modern philosophical movements, specially existentialism. The first section deals with Mulla Sadra, his contemporaries and impact of the Greek philosphers. The second section shows impact of Rumi's thought on Iqbal. The third part seems different from the first and second, because it is comparative analysis of the two modern intellectual movements and schools of thoughts, i.e., psychianalysis and existialism. Contrasting Sadra and Iqbal on one hand, Iqbal and Rumi on the other hand.

This English translation of Dr. Mohammad Rafiuddin's Hikmat-e-Iqbal is a welcome addition to the growing field of Iqbal studies. Critics of Iqbal who found his thought unscientific, unsystematic, and apologetic prompted Dr. Rafiuddin to write Hikmat-e-Iqbal as a rejoinder to this critique. He suggested three principles to judge Iqbal's contribution. First, to evaluate if a contribution is systematic one must analyze Iqbal's arguments, not selected extracts and poetry, Second, one must not evaluate Iqbal's philosophy on the basis of the philosophical thought whose weakness he exposed. His contribution needs to be analyzed within Iqbal's own context. Third, one must critically appreciate Iqbal's critique of his contemporary thinkers, not simply to find contradictions, but to judge whether his critique was scientifically sound and consistent.

This dissertation is about “The Use of Metaphors in Iqbal’s Urdu Poetry: An Analytical Study in light of Conceptual Metaphor Theory”. The objective of this study is to analyze the metaphorical expressions, used by Iqbal in his Urdu Poetry. Iqbal uses Conceptual Metaphors as tools to introduce his various concepts in a magnificent manner. The researcher analyzes the whole work in the light of Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). The theory assumes that the statements, defined metaphorically are based on human thoughts and their experiences. It is no more a complex phenomenon, rather it is used in everyday life by people. In a similar manner, Dr. Muhammad Iqbal has expressed his views by comparing a term in context to a different one but to ensure that it has similar meaning as the literal sentence, which is true. Selected couplets from Iqbal’s Urdu Poetry (UP) have been analyzed and explained. Iqbal has expressed his thoughts about the youth, nation, government, self and so on, metaphorically that are pervasive in daily lives of people. The researcher concludes that Iqbal has conceptualized his experience of that time in his poetry with the use of metaphors to reawaken Muslim spirit. His views and thoughts were also influenced by his cultural beliefs, as it is obvious in his entire poetry. He has emphasized the importance of developing a close association with Allah to become a “perfect man” through selfrealization.

'Thoughtful Intelligence: A Practical guide for Moral development, ' is a book for training the mind-set to eradicate self and social incompatibilities to enhance the goodness in the system of humanity. Thoughtful intelligence is the higher order of thinking to train the mind-set to produce intentions and actions. Thoughtful intelligence can be struggled for and acquired. It is comprised of capacity to understand and realize the impact of one's thoughts, words and actions on others' (individuals', groups', and nations') survival, dignity and development in time (days, weeks, months or years) and space (geographical land with or without human beings). The book has been vetted by 70 students and 7 faculty members from NDU, COMSATS, NUST and LUMS, to validate its readership based on interest and length of the content to bring about a sustainable change in the mind-sets to grow morals. 85% results of the process found the book attractive to get space on front of studies.